Series & Parallel Circuits
In a series circuit, electrical components are connected one after another in a single path for current. The same current flows through every component, so if one component fails or the circuit is opened, the entire circuit stops working. In a parallel circuit, components are connected across separate branches, giving current multiple paths to flow. If one branch is disconnected, the other branches can continue operating. Most household electrical wiring uses parallel connections so that lights and appliances can work independently.
Series vs Parallel Bulbs
When bulbs are connected in series, the supply voltage is shared between them. As a result, multiple identical bulbs usually glow less brightly than a single bulb connected directly to the supply. If one bulb burns out, the circuit is broken and all the bulbs go off. In a parallel arrangement, each bulb receives the full supply voltage and can glow at its normal brightness. If one bulb fails, the other bulbs remain on, which is why household lighting is normally connected in parallel rather than series.
Series Circuit
Parallel Circuit
Parallel Circuit: Each lamp has its own current path. If one branch is broken, current can still flow through the other branch, so the other lamp remains ON.